Interactive architecture refers to the branch of architecture which deals with buildings featuring the trio of sensors, processors and effectors, embedded as a core part of its nature and functioning. Interactive architecture encompasses building automation but goes beyond it by including forms of interaction engagements and responses that may lay in pure communication purposes as well as in the emotive and artistic realm, thus entering the field of Interactive art . Interactive architecture part of the Internet of things , a term first coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later MIT's Auto-ID Center, in 1999 , can include both interior and exterior elements. Within the interior, many technologies are competing to see who will emerge as the dominant communicative signal. 4GLTE LTE (telecommunication) being replaced eventually by 5G , is the obvious solution, however Visible light communication or Li-Fi , a term first introduced by Harald Haas during a 2011 TEDGlobal talk in Edinburgh , is gaining ground as research into this type of data transfer method increases. Interactive architecture and designing our buildings with this technology embedded in it, is essential in the development of smart cities .
Songdo International Business District (Songdo IBD) is a new smart city or "ubiquitous city" built from scratch on 600 hectares (1,500 acres) of reclaimed land along Incheon 's waterfront, 65 kilometres (40 mi) southwest of Seoul , South Korea and connected to Incheon International Airport by a 12.3-kilometre (7.6 mi) reinforced concrete highway bridge, called Incheon Bridge . Along with Yeongjong and Cheongna , it is part of the Incheon Free Economic Zone .
The biophilia hypothesis also called BET suggests that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life. Edward O. Wilson introduced and popularized the hypothesis in his book, Biophilia (1984). He defines biophilia as "the urge to affiliate with other forms of life".
Bionic architecture is a movement for the design and construction of expressive buildings whose layout and lines borrow from natural (i.e. biological) forms. The movement began to mature in the early 21st century, and thus in early designs research was stressed over practicality. One of the tasks set themselves by the movement's early pioneers was the development of aesthetic and economic justifications for their approach to architecture.
The UCL Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment ( The Bartlett ) is the Faculty of the Built Environment of University College London (UCL). It is home to The Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning, one of the most prestigious and competitive architecture and urban planning schools in the world, ranking 2nd in the world from 2015 through to 2018 in the QS World University Rankings by Subject.
Urban design is the process of designing and shaping the physical features of cities, towns and villages. In contrast to architecture, which focuses on the design of individual buildings, urban design deals with the larger scale of groups of buildings, streets and public spaces, whole neighborhoods and districts, and entire cities, with the goal of making urban areas functional, attractive, and sustainable.
SmartCode is a unified land development ordinance template for planning and urban design. Originally developed by Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company , this open source program is a model form-based unified land development ordinance designed to create walkable neighborhoods across the full spectrum of human settlement, from the most rural to the most urban, incorporating a transect of character and intensity within each. It folds zoning , subdivision regulations, urban design , and basic architectural standards into one compact document. Because the SmartCode enables community vision by coding specific outcomes that are desired in particular places, it is meant to be locally calibrated by professional planners, architects, and attorneys.