This image of the rings of Saturn is an example of the application of ultraviolet photography in astronomy

Photography Art of Creating Images

Photography Large format camera lens.jpg Lens and mounting of a large-format camera Other names Science or Art of creating durable images Types Recording light or other electromagnetic radiation Inventor Thomas Wedgwood (1800) Related Stereoscopic, Full-spectrum, Light field, Electrophotography, Photograms, Scanner

Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.

Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication. Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure. With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.

The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically "developed" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing. A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Precursor technologies 2.2 Invention of photography 2.3 Film photography 2.4 Black-and-white 2.5 Color 2.6 Digital photography 2.7 Synthesis photography 3 Photographic techniques 3.1 Cameras 3.2 Stereoscopic 3.3 Dualphotography 3.4 Full-spectrum, ultraviolet and infrared

3.5 Light field photography 3.6 Other imaging techniques 4 Modes of production 4.1 Amateur 4.2 Commercial 4.3 Art 4.4 Photojournalism 4.5 Science and forensics 5 Social and cultural

................................... Digital photography See also: Digital camera In 1981, Sony unveiled the first consumer camera to use a charge-coupled device for imaging, eliminating the need for a film: the Sony Mavica. While the Mavica saved images to disk, the images were displayed on television, and the camera was not fully digital. In

1991, Kodak unveiled the DCS 100, the first commercially available digital single lens reflex camera. Although its high cost precluded uses other than photojournalism and professional photography, commercial digital photography was born. Digital imaging uses an electronic image sensor to record the image as a set of electronic data rather than as chemical changes on film. An important difference between digital and chemical photography is that chemical photography resists photo manipulation because of it

involves film and photographic paper, while digital imaging is a highly manipulative medium. This difference allows for a degree of image post-processing that is comparatively difficult in film-based photography and permits different communicative potentials and applications.

Digital photography dominates the 21st century. More than 99% of photographs taken around the world are through digital cameras, increasingly through smartphones. Synthesis photography Synthesis photography is part of computer-generated imagery (CGI) where the shooting process is modeled on real photography. The CGI, creating digital copies of the real universe, requires a visual representation process of these universes. Synthesis photography is the application of analog and digital photography in digital space. With the

characteristics of the real photography but not being constrained by the physical limits of the real world, synthesis photography allows artists to move into areas beyond the grasp of real photography

technologies professional photographers, ...................................... Film photography The first transparent plastic roll film followed in 1889. It was made from highly flammable nitrocellulose ("celluloid"), now usually called "nitrate film". Although cellulose acetate or "safety film" had been introduced by Kodak in 1908,

at first, it found only a few special applications as an alternative to the hazardous nitrate film, which had the advantages of being considerably tougher, slightly more transparent, and cheaper. The changeover...

Films remained the dominant form of photography until the early 21st century when advances in digital photography drew consumers to digital formats. Although modern photography is dominated by digital users, the film continues to be used by enthusiasts and professional photographers. ...................................... Monochrome photography Black-and-white

A photographic darkroom with safelight Originally, all photography was monochrome, or black-and-white. Even after color film was readily available, black-and-white photography continued to dominate for decades, due to its lower cost and its "classic" photographic look; An invention of photography photograph of a person in 1838 while capturing a view of a Paris street camera photograph complete working instructions Talbot's process, unlike Daguerre's, created a translucent negative which could be used to

print multiple positive copies; this is the basis of most modern chemical photography up to the present day, as Daguerreotypes could only be replicated by rephotographing them with a camera. Talbot's famous tiny paper negative... professional photographers, ---------------------------------- As soon as photographic materials became "fast" (sensitive) enough for taking candid or surreptitious pictures, small "detective" cameras were made, some actually disguised as a book or handbag or pocket watch (the Ticka camera) or even worn hidden behind an Ascot necktie with a tie pin that was really the lens. The movie camera is a type of photographic camera which takes a rapid sequence of photographs on a recording medium. In contrast to a still camera, which captures a single snapshot at a time, the movie camera takes a series of images, each called a "frame".

This is accomplished through an intermittent mechanism. The frames are later played back in a movie projector at a specific speed, called the "frame rate" (number of frames per second). While viewing, a person's eyes and brain merge the separate pictures to create the illusion of motion.

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----------------------------------- Many photographers continue to produce some monochrome images, sometimes because of the established archival permanence of well-processed silver-halide-based materials. Some full-color digital images are processed using a variety of techniques to create black-and-white results, and some manufacturers produce digital cameras that exclusively shoot monochrome. Monochrome printing or electronic display can be used to salvage certain

photographs were taken in color which is unsatisfactory in their original form; sometimes when presented as black-and-white or single-color-toned images they are found to be more effective. Although color photography has long predominated, monochrome images are still produced, mostly for artistic reasons. Almost all digital cameras have an option to shoot in monochrome, and almost all image editing software can combine or selectively discard RGB color channels to produce a monochrome image from one shot in color.

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This image of the rings of Saturn is an example of the application of ultraviolet photography in astronomy

Relaxation and JOY Desire! This is a partial list of hobbies. A hobby is an activity, interest, enthusiasm, or pastime that is undertaken for pleasure or relaxation, done during one's own time. This list includes only recognized hobbies that have been the subject of published discussions or that have organized membership associations. Entries in this list should be links to Wikipedia articles about very specific hobbies or to articles about the subjects of hobbies where there is a section demonstrating that it is, or was a recognized hobby.

Contents 1 Indoor hobbies 2 Outdoor hobbies 3 Collection hobbies 3.1 Indoors 3.2 Outdoors 4 Competitive hobbies 4.1 Indoors 4.2 Outdoors 5 Observation hobbies 5.1 Indoors 5.2 Outdoors 6 References 7 External links Indoor hobbies 3D Printing[1] Acrobatics Acting[2] Amateur radio[3] Animation Aquascaping Baking Baton twirling[4] Beatboxing[5] Board/tabletop games[6] Book restoration Cabaret Calligraphy[7] Candle making[8] Coffee roasting Coloring[9] Computer programming[10]

Cooking[11] Cosplaying[12] Couponing[13] Creative writing[14] Crocheting[15] Cross-stitch Crossword puzzles Cryptography[16] Dance[17] Digital arts[18] Do it yourself[19] Drama[20] Drawing[21] Electronics[22] Embroidery[23] Fantasy sports Fashion Fishkeeping Flower arranging[24] Foreign language learning[25] Gaming (tabletop games and role-playing games)[26] Genealogy[27] Glassblowing[28] Graphic Design Gunsmithing Herp keeping Homebrewing[29] Hydroponics[30] Ice skating[31] Jewelry making[32] Jigsaw puzzles[33] Juggling[34] Knife making Knitting[35] Kombucha brewing Lace making[36] Lapidary[37] Leather crafting Lego building[38]

Listening to music[39] Machining[40] Macrame[41] Metalworking Model building[43] Model engineering Needlepoint Origami[44] Painting[45] Pet Philately Photography

Playing musical instruments[46] Poi Pottery[47] Puzzles[48] Quilling Quilting[49] Reading[50] Scrapbooking[51] Sculpting[52] Sewing[53] Singing[54] Sketching[21] Soapmaking[55] Stand-up comedy[56] Table tennis[57] Taxidermy[58] Video game developing Video gaming[59] Watching movies[60] Watching television Whittling Wood carving[61] Woodworking[62] Worldbuilding[63] Writing[64] Yo-yoing[65] Yoga[66] Outdoor hobbies Air sports[67] Archery[68] Astronomy[69] BASE jumping[70] Baseball[71] Basketball[72] Beekeeping[73]

Bird watching[74] Blacksmithing BMX[75] Board sports[76] Bodybuilding[77] Brazilian jiu-jitsu[78] Camping Canoeing Canyoning Dowsing[79] Driving[80] Fishing[81] Flag football[82] Flying[83] Flying disc Foraging[84] Freestyle football[85] Gardening[86] Geocaching[87] Ghost hunting[88] Graffiti[89] Handball[90] High-power rocketry Hiking[91] Hooping[92] Horseback riding Hunting[93] Inline skating[94] Jogging[95] Kayaking[96] Kite flying[97] Kitesurfing[98] LARPing[99] Letterboxing[100] Longboarding Martial arts Metal detecting[101] Motor sports[102] Mountain biking[103] Mountaineering[104] Mushroom hunting/mycology[105] Netball[106] Nordic skating[107] Orienteering[108] Paintball[109] Parkour[110] Photography[111] Polo[112] Powerlifting Rafting[113] Rappelling[114] Road biking Rock climbing[104] Roller skating[115] Rugby[116] Running[95] Sailing[117] Sand art[118] Scouting Scuba diving[119] Sculling or rowing[120] Shooting[121] Shopping[122] Skateboarding[123]

Skiing[124] Skimboarding[125] Skydiving[126] Slacklining[127] Snowboarding[124] Stone skipping[128] Sun bathing Surfing[129] Swimming[130] Taekwondo[131] Tai chi[132] Topiary Travel Urban exploration[133] Vacation Vehicle restoration[134] Walking Water sports[135] Collection hobbies Indoors Action figure Antiquing[136] Art collecting[137] Book collecting[138] Card collecting[139] Coin collecting[140] Comic book collecting[141] Deltiology (postcard collecting)[142] Die-cast toy Element collecting[143] Movie and movie memorabilia collecting[144] Phillumeny Rail transport modelling Record collecting[145] Shoes Stamp collecting[146] Video game collecting[147] Vintage cars[148] Outdoors Antiquities[149] Auto audiophilia[150] Flower collecting and pressing[151] Fossil hunting[152] Insect collecting[153] Magnet fishing Metal detecting[154] Mineral collecting[155] Rock balancing[156] Sea glass collecting[157] Seashell collecting[158] Stone collecting[159] Competitive hobbies

Indoors Animal fancy[160] Badminton[161] Baton twirling[162] Billiards[163] Bowling[164] Boxing[165] Bridge[166] Cheerleading[167] Chess[168] Color guard[169] Curling[170] Dancing[171] Competitive eating Darts[172] Debate[173] ESports Fencing[174] Go[175] Gymnastics[176] Ice skating[177] Kabaddi[178] Laser tag[179] Longboarding Mahjong[180] Marbles[181] Martial arts[182] Poker[183] Slot car racing[184] Speedcubing Sport stacking Table football[185] Volleyball[186] Weightlifting[187] Wrestling[188][better source needed] Outdoors Airsoft[189] American football[190] Archery[68] Association football[191] Australian rules football[192] Auto racing[193] Baseball[194] Beach volleyball[195] Breakdancing[196] Climbing[104] Cricket[197] Cycling[198] Disc golf[199] Dog sport[200] Equestrianism[201] Exhibition drill[202] Field hockey[203] Figure skating[31] Fishing[204] Footbag[205] Golfing[206] Handball[90] Horseback riding Ice hockey[207] Judo[208] Jukskei[209] Kart racing[210] Knife throwing Lacrosse Longboarding Marching band Model aircraft[211] Racquetball[212] Radio-controlled car racing[213] Roller derby[214] Rugby league football[215] Sculling or rowing Shooting sport[216] Skateboarding[217] Speed skating[31] Squash[212] Surfing[129] Swimming[130] Table tennis[57] Tennis[218] Tennis polo Tether car Tour skating[107] Triathlon[219] Ultimate frisbee[220] Volleyball[195] Water polo Observation hobbies

Indoors Fishkeeping Meditation Learning Microscopy[221] Reading[222] Shortwave listening[223] Videophilia[224] Outdoors Aircraft spotting[225] Amateur astronomy[69] Astrology[226] Birdwatching[74] Bus spotting[227] Geocaching[87] Gongoozling[228] Herping[229] Hiking/backpacking Meteorology[230] Photography Satellite watching Trainspotting[231] Traveling[232] Whale watching References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hobbies Computer Science